Great White Hopes

I'm nearing the end of Jeffrey Lane's Under the Boards: The Cultural Revolution in Basketball. One of his chapters is about Larry Bird, "The Last White Superstar":

Regardless of what was real and what was imagined about the Celtics, the NBA happily pushed the same plotline for the team: the Celts were the guardians of old-school team basketball. In an NBA-produced segment summarizing the Celtics' 1987 first-round playoff series with the Bulls, which aired during game 5 of the Celts' second-round matchup with the Pistons, the NBA highlighted the (implied) racial difference between a legitimate team--the Celtics--and a one-man show--the Bulls. The narrator of the segment billed the series "a classic battle: the athlete against the team," in which the athlete (Michael Jordan), through spectacular individual play, managed to leave his mark on "the fabled parquet floor" of the Boston Garden but failed to oust the hometown Celts. Ultimately, the "Celtic tradition … and … old Celtic magic" proved too much for one person to overcome, and "while the athlete got his record [scoring an unprecedented 63 points in a single playoff game], the team got its win."

This, I think, is mostly true. On the other hand, the timing for proclaiming Bird the "last" white superstar seems pretty bad as we actually have several white stars nowadays. The proviso one has to make is that Bird is the last white American superstar, and it's certainly true that considerations of nationality put Bird in a different context than, say, Dirk Nowitzki, who's pretty aggressively German. Steve Nash, however, while not in fact an American still doesn't have any "foreign" qualities that would make him difficult for your typical white American fan to identify with. Nevertheless, I think you did see a palpable yearning for more white stars evident in people's willingness to suspend disbelief and convince themselves that Adam Morrison was going to be an NBA star and J.J. Reddick was worth a lottery pick.

Nash arguably plays with too much flash to be the vindication of white hoop dreams. David Lee, fresh from dominating the Rookie Challenge and conveniently located in the media supercapital of New York City seems well-positioned. He's a "hard-working" player who does the "little things" -- he's even undersized at the four. It's somewhat striking that, as best I can tell, he's actually a somewhat underrated player.

UPDATE: It's also worth noting in this context that the black Tracy McGrady is starting in the All-Star Game over Nash thanks to the voting strength of the Houston Rockets' large following among Chinese fans.

Comments

You know, I was not born in this country, so that might be part of it, but I don't get it. I ve seen the NBA feature you re referring to and it never dawned on me that there was an implied racial fantasy in there. The point of the feature seems pretty accurate to me. The Bulls were indeed a one man show and the Celtics were more of a team.

How would a feature with non racial implications would look like? Will it give emphasis on Jordan's brilliance at the behest of giving credit to the team that you know, in the end did win the series?

I think there's too much reading behind the lines- it may be accurate, I don't know- but all the same, trying to figure the intent and the motives of a piece strikes me as going into a postmodern territory where the actual evidence matters very little.

Posted by: Nick Kaufman on February 17, 2007 01:51 PM

There was an old SNL skit a few years ago with Jordan where he was the first black player for a basketball team. He dominated the game with his dunking and flair, but it wasn't to the taste of the white crowd, so he was cut. I think that speaks to this meme in our society, sort of like how people talk about how Princeton plays the "pure" form of basketball.

It should be noted, however, that the Bulls did not really become dominant until Jordan had Scottie Pippen to back him up.

Posted by: Reality Man on February 17, 2007 01:56 PM

Looks like that book needs some fact-checking. The Celtics beat the Bulls in the first round in both '86 and '87, but Jordan's 63 point game at the Garden was in the '86 playoffs, not in '87. And the Celtics did beat the Pistons in the '87 playoffs, but it was in the conference finals (i.e. third round), not the second round.

Posted by: Haggai on February 17, 2007 02:03 PM

Nick Kaufman -

That's because the Bulls of that period sucked. It's not like Jordan's selfishness was dragging them down; his selfishness was the only thing making them competitive. When presented with a more capable coach and a more capable team, he adjusted his game as necessary.

The easier comparison, though, is between the Celtics and the Lakers, both of which were highly successful teams, and yet the dominant way of perceiving them at the time was: "The Lakers are flashy [they were called 'Showtime'] and naturally gifted athletes, the Celtics are old-school hard workers." This is absolute bullshit. The flashiest thing going in Showtime - other than Pat Riley - was Magic's passing, and Bird's was just about as good, as creative, as astonishing. The idea that Magic didn't have to work terribly hard to get where he got - or Kareem, or Worthy - is insulting and disrespectful and laughable. Similarly, these ideas do a disservice to the great white athletes like Bird and McHale. The idea that any 6'10" white guy who worked hard enough could have replicated their success - which was supposed to be the triumph of hard work over natural shortcomings - is equally laughable. Neither was a particularly great leaper nor especially fast, but there's more to being an athlete than jumping high; Bird in particular was blessed with great agility and dexterity for a man his size, he was damn quick, and his hand-eye coordination was phenomenal. To a lesser extent the same could be said of McHale, who was also a physical freak - all long arm and broad shoulder. Danny Ainge of course was a gifted enough athlete to play professionally in more than one sport. All these guys, black or white, worked terribly hard, and all of them, black or white, were terribly talented.

Posted by: Quarterican on February 17, 2007 02:35 PM

Matt --
Enjoy the blog, and the NBA posts within it, but I happened to have lived through those days, covered all the Celtics playoffs from 1984 through 1989 and I can tell you that the "League pushed the Celtics because they were white" argument is tired and old and doesn't hold an ounce of water.
In the first place, the NBA didn't push the Celtics any harder, nor did it emphasize their "team" aspects any more strongly, than it did the Los Angeles Lakers of the same era, who won more often than the Celtics did and beat them for the title three out of four times they played. The Lakers, as you know, had a roster that was primarily African American. The important thing to remember is that the coincidental arrival of Bird and Magic Johnson, both of them gifted passers and positionally fluky -- Bird as a 6-10'er who could pass and Johnson as a 6-9 legitimate point guard -- made the pass sexy again around the league.
Secondly, in the Bulls series in question, which is the one in which Jordan put 63 on the Celtics in the old Garden, it really was him against the whole Boston team. Christ, the second-best player on that Bulls team was Orlando Woolridge, for pity's sake. It takes a rather lurid racial imagination to concoct what this gentleman has, based on the facts on the ground.
There is no doubt that a lot of odious enthusiasm was aimed at those Celtics teams from the outside; thanks to Ronald Reagan and the conservative ascendancy, the 1980's were a decade of racial reaction. But attaching that to Larry Bird -- or the Celtics of that era -- is a capital mistake. He, as anyone will tell you, was as color-blind an athlete as ever lived, despite having grown up in southern Indiana, a place that no less than the late Jim Farmer thought worse for black folks than Mississippi. And in history, it should never be forgotten that the Celtics were the first team to have five white starters playing for a black coach and five black starters playing for a white coach. There's something to be said for the fact that Bill Russell played there, too and, despite being subject to harassment during his playing days, still considers him part of the franchise.

Posted by: Charles Pierce on February 17, 2007 02:47 PM

I don't really know where this argument comes from. I know Harvey Araton brings this junk up from time to time but it doesn't make any sense on its face. The Celtics were the team of tradition because they had been great for such a long time. In contrast to the Bulls, they were obviously a much deeper and much more experienced group of players. I knwo the NBA loves a story line, but this was a story that accorded with the facts.
What' persistently left out of all this is that the C's had a black coach and "quarterback": KC Jones and Dennis Johnson - both of whom were/are beloved in Boston. But, of course, these facts complicate things a little to much, so they're just ignored.
Further, I think the whole argument that there is a tremendous desire for more great white players falls short when one looks at John Stockton - a great, great player who never really got his due (or certainly never became a "superstar"). Chris Mullin was another terrific player who was basically ignored. If there's such a desire for the next great white player how come these guys went so neglected? I guess because the Bulls were clearly the "team" of the 90s.

Posted by: berger on February 17, 2007 02:51 PM

Regardless of what was real and what was imagined about the Celtics, the NBA happily pushed the same plotline for the team: the Celts were the guardians of old-school team basketball.

This is actually kind of garbage. It a was sufficiently straightforward racial plot line that you didn't need to refer to the "team" vs. the "individual." (Others include "talent" vs. "hard work," and "athleticism" vs. "intelligent" or "fundamental" basketball.) Throughout the early eighties, it was understood by wide swaths (in my experience) of NBA fandom that the Celtics were the white team, the 76ers were the Good Black team, and the Lakers were, if not the Bad Black team, the Too Black Black team.

The part you've quoted (a) makes it sound more oblique than it was, and (b) points to a time when attitudes were actually on the precipice of change.

Posted by: SomeCallMeTim on February 17, 2007 03:27 PM

There is no doubt that a lot of odious enthusiasm was aimed at those Celtics teams from the outside; thanks to Ronald Reagan and the conservative ascendancy, the 1980's were a decade of racial reaction.

It's not clear what you're saying here, Pierce. If you're saying that the Celtic team wasn't particularly racist, etc., I'm willing to buy it. If you're saying that the only white association with the Celtics as the white team came from outside the Greater Boston area, I'm not willing to buy it. IIRC, there's an SI article around the time of Sixers championship in which either Erving or Toney talks about playing in the Garden, looking into the stands, and seeing a couple of guys in Klan outfits.

Posted by: SomeCallMeTim on February 17, 2007 03:36 PM

What' persistently left out of all this is that the C's had a black coach and "quarterback": KC Jones and Dennis Johnson - both of whom were/are beloved in Boston. But, of course, these facts complicate things a little to much, so they're just ignored.

Go back and see what Bill Russell said about being beloved in Boston. Search for (IIRC) "janitor" and "San Francisco."

Posted by: SomeCallMeTim on February 17, 2007 03:38 PM

John Stockton of course doesn't actually exist.

Posted by: Rob on February 17, 2007 04:05 PM

SomeCallMeTim, let's not get confused here: when you call a sports figure "beloved" in a community, it does not mean that each and every human being in that community loves said sports figure. Of course Boston was a racist community when Russ played there, it was a racist community when Bird played there, and it's a racist community today. Name me one major city in america where racism is not still an issue.

but as pierce beat me to the punch in noting, boston was also the community that supported an all-black starting five when that was simply not done, and was also the community that supported a black head coach when they didn't exist, and remains a community where bill russell, kc jones, dennis johnson, robert parish, and a host of others are "beloved."

but actually, since pierce did beat me to the punch, i'll just address david lee for a moment: the only people who underrate david lee are people whose opinions about basketball we can just plain ignore. curry's development as a scorer, crawford's late game heroics, and marbury's surprising return to competency notwithstanding, the primary reason that the knicks are a better team this year than last year is Mr. David Lee (and speaking of beloved in boston, the player lee most reminds me of is paul silas when he was part of the cowens-jojo-havlicek championship teams....

Posted by: howard on February 17, 2007 04:48 PM

SomeCallMeTim -- you are right about Boston fans. See Rice, Jim.

Charles Pierce -- good to see your comment. Please write more.

Rob -- Of course John Stockton does not exist. No one could have seven of the nine NBA seasons with > 1000 assists, or nine consecutive seasons leading the league in assists. No one could have the all time record in steals and have 60% more assists than the number two assistant (Magic). It couldn't have happened, therefore it didn't. Why can't more people see this?

Posted by: Bill Gardner on February 17, 2007 05:07 PM

bill, if you're going to mention rice, jim (not the most likeable of players, after all) then you also have to mention tiant, luis (certainly far more beloved that yastrzemski, carl).

Posted by: howard on February 17, 2007 05:11 PM

Even though I'm a big fan of stereotypes, I think this one is wrong: in reality, white NBA players have often had flashier shot selection than the average black player for the last few decades. Jeff Hornacek, for example, took a lot of weird shots. Bird did all sorts of crazy-looking things -- I have a video of highlight clips of the top ten players from 1993, and Bird's highlights are the most idiosyncratic and unusual.

And don't get me started on the Europeans. As long ago as BYU big man Kresmir Cosic back around 1970, European players have had a lot of strange offensive moves.

I think you have to go back to the Earl Monroe era to see when blacks were more creative-looking on the court than whites on average, and even then Pete Maravich was probably the least disciplined shooter in America.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 05:17 PM

Howard,
El Tiante was loved. My memory is that Big Yaz was too, but maybe I was too young to appreciate how the town felt.

Who's to say whether one town is more or less racist than another? It would be a stupid thing to argue about.

The most notable thing about fans in the old Garden was how incredibly drunk they were. To my knowledge, no one ever fell from the upper deck, which is astonishing.

Posted by: Bill Gardner on February 17, 2007 05:24 PM

I hope the passage isn't an indication of the fact-checking that went into the book. Although the Celtics did play the Bulls in the 1987 playoffs, the game in which Jordan got his 63 points was in 1986. The Celtics did not play the Pistons in the second round in either season; they played Detroit in the Conference Finals in '87, and didn't play them at all in '86. I guess Mr. Lane didn't have the use of a Basketball Encyclopedia or the internets when he wrote his book.

Posted by: Steve Smith on February 17, 2007 05:25 PM

I believe whites tended to be harder working defensive players up through the 1970s -- for example, three of the five All-NBA defensive players were white in both 1977 and 1978 (Bill Walton, Bobby Jones, and Don Buse), and the quality of NBA play was pretty poor because of lack of effort on defense. But defense became fashionable among blacks, both players and fans, in the early 1980s.

I think John Thompson's low-scoring Georgetown teams with Patrick Ewing as a defensive monster helped make defense more fashionable among blacks. (I recall talking to a black lady at work about a Georgetown game we were both looking forward to watching, and she said, "I loooove defense," which struck me at the time as the first time I'd ever heard that from a black person -- but I've heard it a million times since.)

Since then, blacks have overwhelmingly dominated the NBA All-Defense teams. I don't know if blacks work harder on defense than whites these days -- most everybody works very hard on defense relative to the 1970s -- but with just about everybody giving a relatively strong effort, the black average advantages in quickness means that blacks dominate the ranks of the best defenders now.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 05:27 PM

This is based on the perspective of someone who wasn't actually alive for most of the period in question, but I see the following as true:

1. The Red Sox, unfortunately, had an undeniable history of organizational racism. This rubbed off on the reputation of entire Boston sports scene.
2. The busing-related incidents of the 1970s contributed to an image of Boston as an especially racist city, even though other cities had racial incidents as well and the question of "Which city is the most racist?" is impossible to answer definitively.
3. Bill Russell did have some unfortunate altercations with white racist Massachusetts residents during his time in Boston. At one point he was so angry that he said, "I am a Celtic, not a Boston Celtic." The Celtics also did not have particularly good attendance during the 1960s, despite their greatness.
4. The "last white superstar" (Bird) happened to be a Celtic, although of course any other team would have given their right arm to have him, as did arguably the second-best player on the team at that time (McHale) and several other good white players (Ainge, Walton).
5. The Lakers of the 1980s had, if I recall correctly, an all-black starting five, and the best players on the 76ers, Pistons, and Bulls were also black.
6. Whereas the Russell-led Celtics had, as mentioned above, had surprisingly low attendance, the Bird-led Celtics has excellent attendance, giving further grist to the mill of those who believed that Boston sports fans were especially racist.
7. As a result of these six factors, the 1980s Celtics gained a reputation as the white man's team, even though historically the Celtics had been the least racist organization, had the first all-black starting five, had the first black coach, and, as mentioned above by berger, actually had a black coach during the best years of the Bird era.

Posted by: James Kabala on February 17, 2007 05:53 PM

SomeCallMeTim, let's not get confused here: when you call a sports figure "beloved" in a community, it does not mean that each and every human being in that community loves said sports figure.

You can also be "beloved" on the court and yet unwanted in a neighborhood. This is hardly news. It is, I think, what Russell was talking about with the Mayor of Boston/janitor in San Francisco crack. It may have been what Dee Brown thought when, in the nineties, he got traffic-stopped by some cops while going home. Have things changed? Yeah, from what I can tell, a lot. Both nationally and, even more dramatically, perhaps, in Boston. I don't, for example, particularly think of it as an issue in Boston these days. (NB: I'm not living there.) But lets not pretend that because there were magical moments, therefore it was a magical time.

But defense became fashionable among blacks, both players and fans, in the early 1980s.

That's a weird position to take, given that Russell was known for his defense and only delivered eleven championships. Later on, Moncrief was known for his defense, and that was prior to the Thompson led Hoyas getting major attention. Cooper goes to Lakers in '78. And that's just off the top of my head.

Posted by: SomeCallMeTim on February 17, 2007 05:54 PM

The Lakers of the 1980s had, if I recall correctly, an all-black starting five, ...

Kurt Rambis may have started for a while. He'd be the only white starter of that era, if so.

Posted by: Thlayli on February 17, 2007 06:15 PM

SomeCallMeTim, based on your 5:54, we're not disagreeing, and we're especially not disagreeing that the idea that defense wasn't a black thing is deranged. Not only do we have the case of Russ, but the championship knicks defense (the heart of the team) was anchored by Walt Frazier and Willis Reed.

etc.

(although i would say that, while, as in the rest of the country, overt racism ain't what it used to be in boston, it is still a racially divided community)

As for attendance, folks, the NBA wasn't a sellout in the '60s, and not only in Boston (where the bruins were the dominant team in the gahden).

James, while you're generally on point in your 5:53, actually, Kurt Rambis was a starter on the laker championship teams.

Bill Gardner, i'm not saying Yaz wasn't well-liked in Boston, too, but El Tiante was beloved...

Posted by: howard on February 17, 2007 06:20 PM

White players who make the NBA tend to have superb eye-hand coordination, such as Adam Morison and JJ Redick, because they tend to lack "athleticism" (which mostly means, in effect, lower body quickness).

Similarly, most years all 64 starters in the NFL at cornerback (the position that demands the most pure athleticism) are black, while wide receivers (a position that requires more eye-hand coordination than cornerback) are merely mostly black.

A 2004 article in Science (the most prestigious American scientific journal) explained the biological basis of the black average advantage in footspeed. It's reprinted at:

http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/002505.html

In contrast, I've never seem strong evidence that whites and blacks are all that different on average in either eye-hand coordination or upper body strength.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 06:22 PM

Charlie -- the book makes most of those points. The main argument of the chapter is not that the league pushed the Celtics because they were white (Lakers and Celtics alike were pushed because they were the best teams) but rather that the league and the press deliberately pushed the Celtics as a white team, trying, for example, to consciously foster a racial element into the Celtics-Lakers rivalry.

With regard to the Bulls, the point isn't that the "team versus individual" characterization of Celtics-Bulls game at the time was inaccurate. The racial element, I would say, is that they didn't say it was a battle of "the team versus the individual" or "the team versus the star" but rather "the team versus the athlete" which seems like an effort to contrast blackness with teamwork.

Posted by: Matthew Yglesias on February 17, 2007 06:30 PM

Boston was unusual among Northern cities in the later part of the 20th Century in just how violent its whites could be in keeping blacks out of their neigborhoods, schools, and jobs (e.g., the Irish anti-busing riots in Southie in 1974). "The Departed" does a good job of showing that the Boston Irish had a white underclass and white criminal gangs long after most cities' white ethnics had moved into the middle class and/or the suburbs.

When visiting Boston from Chicago in 1986, I attended a downtown fireworks show put on by a rock radio station. I was struck by just how much physical fear the two blacks I saw walking down the street that night radiated over being surrounded by young whites. In contrast, by 1986 in Chicago, white pedestrians tended to be a lot more physically afraid of black pedestrians than vice-versa. Boston in 1986, however, was what Chicago in 1956 must have been like.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 06:34 PM

``"The Departed" does a good job of showing that the Boston Irish had a white underclass and white criminal gangs long after most cities' white ethnics had moved into the middle class and/or the suburbs.''

See also George V. Higgins' wonderful books. And to be fair, there were also non-Irish, shall we say, white criminal elements in the North End. Not to mention the gang that came out of Andover to rule the whole country.

Posted by: Bill Gardner on February 17, 2007 06:42 PM

Also, keep in mind that there was a lot of bigotry among urban white sportwriters against Larry Bird as a country hick. Thus, when Bird made some comments about race in the NBA in 2004, Mike Vaccaro in the New York Post hyperventilated about “logic-challenged hayseeds like Larry Bird espousing his own strange brand of sociology.”

http://www.vdare.com/sailer/lynch_mob.htm

In general, it's much more prestigious among whites to be seen as pro-black than to be seen as pro-white, so therefore you see people writing books about the subtext of being a Larry Bird fan, whereas outspoken black nationalist coaches like John Thompson and Nolan Richardson, who encouraged racial resentment among their black players is largely overlooked.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 07:06 PM

How come Boston is always the "racist city," while New York slides under the radar? Are people that quick to forget Bernard Goetz, Yusef Hawkins, Howard Beach, Abner Louima, etc., etc?

I'm not trying to make a competition out of it; just saying, no city has a monopoly on racism.

I remember back in the mid-1980s, the Boston Globe ran an article detailing how a significant proportion of the black community in Boston was pulling for the Lakers.

People tend to root for those they identify with, and tend to identify with those who look like them. It's not a question of right or wrong, it's just the way it is.

Posted by: dango on February 17, 2007 07:20 PM

"In general, it's much more prestigious among whites to be seen as pro-black than to be seen as pro-white..."

There is no 'in general' about prestige. Prestige is different in Austin than in Houston, and it's different in Salt Lake than in San Francisco. There are plenty of places where the prestige is held by the leaders of the white constituencies.

Posted by: Bill Gardner on February 17, 2007 07:24 PM

The WASP and Jewish upper classes of the Boston area are famously liberal, in part because they could count on Boston's notoriously violent Irish working class to stomp on Boston's small black community. So, they didn't have to pay as much attention to the rise in crime that began in the 1960s as did whites in other big cities.

In contrast, neoconservatism originated in New York City in the 1960s in part because the cop, fireman, schoolteacher, and shopkeeper relatives of intellectuals like Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Norman Podhoretz were being victimized by criminals in New York's huge black community. (It was only after Israel's 1967 victory that foreign policy started to become a big issue for the nascent NYC neocons.) After the black pogrom against Crown Heights' Orthodox Jews in 1991 under a black mayor, NYC's Jewish community as a whole started voting heavily Republican in the last four mayoral elections to make sure that whites controlled the NYPD.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 07:34 PM

matthew, if those are the points the book is making, i'd suggest you stop reading it myself. old-timers like chaz p and myself realize what a tortured reading of reality those arguments are. i appreciate that players like earvin johnson and dennis rodman never got the credit for their mammoth basketball IQs because black players are athletic and white players are crafty or clever but this is a problem of immensely long standing, hardly limited to the nba (how many black gms in any sport are there? how many black qbs? why so few black managers?), and certainly far from proven by some NBA-produced segment in 1987 (or 1986, whenever it actually was).

meanwhile, i wondered the other day about the virulent reaction to matthew citing steve sailer on something but i need wonder no longer. what a bunch of tripe.

Posted by: howard on February 17, 2007 08:44 PM

It may have been what Dee Brown thought when, in the nineties, he got traffic-stopped by some cops while going home.

Just to clarify, Dee Brown didn't get traffic stopped, he got held at gunpoint by Wellesley police after a black man robbed a bank there. IIRC the bank robber was like eight inches shorter than Brown -- there was no excuse for the misidentification.

Posted by: Matt Weiner on February 17, 2007 09:31 PM

I guess it's hard to remember now but I would suggest that what made Jordan remarkable in the mid-to-late 80's was his precisely athletic ability. Jordan didn't really become a great shooter until later in his career.

There was certainly a good amount of racism that contributed to the Celtics popularity, but I don't think it's fair to compare the Boston of 1980's with the Boston of the 1960's (no matter how many times one has seen The Departed).

Posted by: berger on February 17, 2007 09:32 PM

Can I just say that Steve Sailer can go piss up a rope now.
Thank you.

And I'm sorry, Matt, but this:

"The main argument of the chapter is not that the league pushed the Celtics because they were white (Lakers and Celtics alike were pushed because they were the best teams) but rather that the league and the press deliberately pushed the Celtics as a white team, trying, for example, to consciously foster a racial element into the Celtics-Lakers rivalry."

is just all pure bollocks. It is not supportable by any reasonable reading of contemporary accounts, including my own. Moreover, anyone who knows any of the personalities involved in either team would know that none of them would have sat still for that kind of nonsense from the league. Neither Bird nor Magic played those games, KC Jones would allow his team to be pushed as a "white" team? Please.

Posted by: Charles Pierce on February 17, 2007 09:57 PM

Charles Pierce asserts:

"Moreover, anyone who knows any of the personalities involved in either team would know that none of them would have sat still for that kind of nonsense from the league. Neither Bird nor Magic played those games..."

It's striking how the topic of race always brings out the huffiness in people. In reality, Bird and Johnson cooperated with Converse in playing up the country mouse vs. city mouse angle of their rivalry, which came with an obvious racial subtext. In the almost surrealistic 1984 Converse commercial for their "Weapon" shoe, Bird is shown shooting baskets all alone on his farmhouse's outdoor court carved from a field of corn as high as an elephant's eye. The camera cuts to a limousine as long as an aircraft carrier roaring down a dirt road through the corn fields. It pulls up at Larry's bucolic court and out steps Magic dressed in the height of big city fashion to play a little 1-on-1 with Larry.

In basketball, race is an omnipresent reality, but a complicated one that doesn't translate well into the simplistic holier-than-thou categories that are so popular.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 17, 2007 10:37 PM

before i exercise my new vow to ignore steve sailer from now on, may i simply say that anyone who draws conclusions about racial attitudes towards defense from the make-up of the all-defense team or who says that "talking to a black lady at work" about the patrick ewing georgetown teams is reflective of anything other than one person's attitude should really just stfu.

somecallmetim, i realized, in checking back on steve sailer's moronic piffle, that you had made a comment i missed: i don't know who the hell you were talking too in the '80s, but i never, ever came across anyone who thought of the 76ers as the "good black team" and the lakers as the "bad black team." what in the world?

Posted by: howard on February 17, 2007 10:52 PM

I don't care about Bird, Jordan, or the 80s. But when you take an unjustified swipe at Adam Morrison, well, that I care about. Sure, Reddick would have been a wasted 2nd round pick -- he was nothing more than a good shooter (who couldn't get his own shot) who folded in the clutch (see -- the NCAA tourney every year of his college career). But Morrison was brilliant at Gonzaga, often against teams that had little more to do than stop him in order to win. They usually couldn't. Now, he may be off to a slow start in the NBA, but he is also on about the most talentless team around. I doubt the Bobcats could be the #1 college team, much less be a good NBA team. Regardless, it would have been criminally negligent of a GM not to take Morrison in the lottery. He can score, he has size, he has charisma, and he has heart. He will also probably grow into a decent rebounder (by which I mean 4 or 5 a game in the next few years). So easy on Adam, man. Have at it with J.J, though.

Posted by: Brian on February 17, 2007 11:08 PM

As a country boy, perhaps I need to remind Steve Sailer that Larry Bird, aka "The Hick from French Lick," did indeed grow up in rural southern Indiana. Magic Johnson grew up in Lansing, Michigan, not NYC or LA, but definitely an urban area. Sometimes, friend, a cigar is only a cigar.

Bird and Magic became good friends. Each praises the other as the greatest player of his time. They're both right.

Why it's (indeed) stupid to carry on about Obama's race, but clever to parse bygone NBA teams for racial messages, I can't think. It seems to me that the most obvious sociological change in the NBA during the past decade has been the growing number of international players, making it ever more difficult to cast the game as a two-sided racial melodrama.

Not a minute too soon. I'd add that most white racists quit watching the NBA years ago.

Posted by: Jethro on February 17, 2007 11:33 PM

What's meant, exactly, by aggressively German? I ask this question innocuously, as someone who knows little to nothing about the NBA - does he talk alot about being German, or just have a strong accent or what?

Posted by: chuck on February 17, 2007 11:39 PM

I did (twice) butcher the reference for the Celtics/Bulls segment and—now that it’s too late—I’ll go back to my notes which should reveal that the segment was a flashback to Jordan’s performance in the 1986 first-round Celts vs. Bulls series that aired during the 1987 Conference Finals.

The one quoted paragraph that points to the notion that the NBA pushed a racialized conception of the 1980s Celtics is just that: one paragraph. There’s an entire chapter of evidence and arguments on this idea and the concept of white nostalgia in the NBA, the Celtics, and the city of Boston. Many of the comments here about Boston underscore the city’s conspicuous duality. Boston is both a progressive, liberal-minded, and high-tech epicenter and a puffed-up small town with certain powerful (and sometimes violent) streaks of nostalgia for its industrial and less-racially-complex past. The Celtics have a similar duality; the franchise boasts these important racial firsts (first black head coach, first black player selected in the NBA draft, etc.) but also the curious overrepresentation of white bench players, a well-documented, long-running history of discontent voiced by black players about perceived racist treatment, etc. When I approached some Boston sportswriters about race and the Celtics, these progressive precedents in franchise history were reflexively cited to promptly squash any discussion.

Bird also has a duality that’s touched upon in some of the comments to the post. As a player, Bird’s performance was stereotypically white in some respects (mostly earthbound, relied on his jump shooting, a crafty and smart player, etc.) and stereotypically black in others—flair, showmanship, and swagger (Bird was a trash-talker, a show-off, and a fighter on- and off-the-court). These elements played an important role in his popularity and importance amongst white fans (who liked either or both of these aspects). The Celtics and the NBA were certainly well aware of the nature of his appeal and the marketing implications.

Today Bird is still celebrated in white collegiate/fraternity culture in the same was as the Grateful Dead/particular rock and folk musicians. Bird's retirement signaled the end of interest in the NBA for many older, white fans. I believe the discussion of the racial identity and myths of particular teams and players (Bird at the top of the list) is not passé or invalid. Franchises and sports leagues frequently pump up racial/ethnic identification--think about the thousands of Dominicans coming to Shea Stadium when Pedro starts and the Mets’ marketing efforts.


Posted by: Jeffrey Lane on February 17, 2007 11:54 PM

The assertions that race meant nothing to Larry Bird are implausible since in 2004 he said the following:

- “… as we all know, the majority of fans are white America. If you just had a couple of white guys in there, you might get them a little excited.”

- “But it is a black man's game, and it will be forever.”

- “I just didn't want a white guy guarding me, because it's disrespect to my game.”

- “I mean the greatest athletes in the world are African-American.”

Of course, he was widely denounced by sportswriters for saying this.

Larry Bird is happy to acknowledge the reality of race. Why can't the rest of us emulate his urbanity?

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 18, 2007 12:01 AM

(Lakers and Celtics alike were pushed because they were the best teams)

The racial element, I would say, is that they didn't say it was a battle of "the team versus the individual" or "the team versus the star" but rather "the team versus the athlete" which seems like an effort to contrast blackness with teamwork.

Matt seems to contradict himself here. If the Bulls had played the Lakers would the "team vs athlete" portrayal still have been racist? I think the mistake is the association of team with white rather than athlete with black.

Not for nothing, but it just so happens that Indiana is the most racist state in the nation. Ask beloved Pacer Reggie Miller why his house was burned down.

Posted by: Just Karl on February 18, 2007 12:26 AM

Maybe for the same reason the rest of us don't take advice on race from a guy who has been denounced - by the National Review, no less - for hate speech and who also belongs to a hate group?

Posted by: Reality Man on February 18, 2007 12:26 AM

Post above was in response to Steve Sailer.

Posted by: Reality Man on February 18, 2007 12:26 AM

"http://www.vdare.com/sailer/lynch_mob.htm"

Sailer, are you going to link to the KKK's webpage while you're here? How about neo-Nazi parties?

From Wikipedia:

"Some critics of VDARE claim that it publishes racist or racialist material. The nonprofit Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), called VDARE a "hate group," that was "once a relatively mainstream anti-immigration page," but by 2003 became "a meeting place for many on the radical right." The group also criticized VDARE for publishing articles by Jared Taylor and the late Sam Francis, along with other authors who deal with race and intelligence."

Posted by: Reality Man on February 18, 2007 12:37 AM

The Southern Poverty Law Center has done an outstanding job of eradicating every last vestige of poverty, Southern or otherwise, in the lifestyles of the white men who run it.

See, for example, Ken Silverstein's "The Church of Morris Dees" in Harper's:

http://www.americanpatrol.com/SPLC/ChurchofMorrisDees001100.html

Lately, as Morris's moneymaking ambitions have expanded, he has turned to attacking people of the quality of Richard Lamm, the Democratic former three term governor of Colorado. I'm proud to be on Gov. Lamm's side of the ethical chasm between him and Mr. Dees, a member of the Direct Marketing Association Hall of Fame.

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 18, 2007 01:08 AM

Even more revealing about the SPLC is the statement by Jim Tharpe, the Deputy Metro Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, which he made during a Harvard panel discussion about his experience editing a massive Pulitzer-finalist investigative series on the Southern Poverty Law Center during his days at the Montgomery Advertiser. Here's an excerpt:

"I’d never done any reporting on nonprofits, I thought they were all good guys, they were mom-and-pop, bake-sale, raise-money-for-the-local-fire-department type operations. I had no idea how sophisticated they were, how much money they raised, and how little access you have to them as a reporter, some of which has already been covered here.

"Our series was published in 1995 after three years of very brutal research under the threat of lawsuit the entire time.

"Our findings were essentially these:

"The [Southern Poverty Law] center was building up a huge surplus. It was 50-something million at that time; it’s now approaching 100 million [it's now over $150 million in net assets], but they’ve never spent more than 31 percent of the money they were bringing in on programs, and sometimes they spent as little as 18 percent. Most nonprofits spend about 75 percent on programs.

"A sampling of their donors showed that they had no idea of the center’s wealth. The charity watchdog groups, the few that are in existence, had consistently criticized the center, even though nobody had reported that.

"There was a problem with black employees at what was the nation’s richest civil rights organization; there were no blacks in the top management positions. Twelve out of the 13 black current and former employees we contacted cited racism at the center, which was a shocker to me. As of 1995, the center had hired only two black attorneys in its entire history...

They hired an attorney who began first by threatening me, then my editor, and then the publisher. "And you better be careful of the questions you ask and the stories you come up with," and they would cite the libel law to us. So we were under threat of lawsuit for two years, basically, during the research phase of the series...

We published the series over eight days in 1994, and it had very little effect, actually. I think the center now raises more money than it ever has. [Laughter]

The story really didn’t get out of Montgomery and that’s a real problem. The center’s donors are not in Montgomery; the center’s donors are in the Northeast and on the West Coast. So the story pretty much was contained in Montgomery where it got a shrug-of-the-shoulders reaction. [More, much more at:

http://www.isteve.com/04DecA.htm#tharpe

Posted by: Steve Sailer on February 18, 2007 01:09 AM

All of this ingnores one think that is almost certainly true. If Len Bias had not died, the league would most certainly been promoting the Bias V Jordan storyline. All the history and such would not have meant anything becasue the story of these two studs going against each would have dominated. Watch ESPN classic for their battles in college sometime and you'll see.

Posted by: Skip on February 18, 2007 01:11 AM

"They hired an attorney who began first by threatening me, then my editor, and then the publisher."

Good for them. You're a straight-up racist, Steve Sailer, and you deserve to be run out of polite society in the same way David Duke was.

But thanks for putting the SPLC onto my radar as a destination for my giving. They seem to be doing good work.

Posted by: Petey on February 18, 2007 03:02 AM

Steve Sailor,

2 questions:

1) Why does athleticism mean lower body quickness? The dictionary doesn't seem to give this kind of exclusive definition. I understand that dictionaries can't always capture the way words are commonly used, and I imagine that you are relying on what you believe to be a common usage of the word. I agree that your use of the word is out there, but so are other uses.

There are all kinds of sports that emphasize physical skills/abilities other than lower body quickness, and the participants in these sports are often referred to as athletes. It seems to me to make more sense to count not only short distance speed and leaping ability in our description of athleticism, but also hand-eye coordination, endurance, flexibility, strength.

So, I suppose there are 2 subquestions here:

a) is it really that clear that people only mean lower body quickness when they refer to athleticism?
b) wouldn't it make more sense to use the word to refer to all sorts of abilities required in many different sports?

2) I understand that we use the words "black" and "white" and that seems OK to me. But don't these descriptions gloss over some important things. I think you've said before that there is not much genetic diversity in Africa outside of "junk genes," correct? But surely there are some significant (significant in terms of type of athletes) differences between the high-country runners of Kenya and the short-distance sprinters of West African descent right? And when you throw the pygmies in there...well that's 3 different groups right there who apparently have different enough genes to produce the sprinters of West African descent, the short-in-statue Pygmies, and the endurance runners of East Africa.

Bryant Gumble's lamenting of the "paucity of black athletes" at the Winter Olympics seemed to rely on the uncritical assumption that because athletes of West African descent tended to do better in short-distance speed events that they would also do better in the events in the Winter Olympics, which, taken as a whole, require various and sundry types of physical abilities/skills.

If you look at what is commonly referred to as "white," you'll see redheaded Irish, blond Swedes, brown headed Germans, and dark Iberians and Italians. In weight lifting and Strong Man competitions, Northern and Eastern Europeans "dominate," as people like to say when referring to sports. While it could be argued that racial differences in "country club sports" like tennis can be attributed to culture/class issues, it seems less plausible that blacks would be disinterested in strength competitions. In addition, UFC is permeated by white fighters, and all 4 heavy weight belts in boxing are now held by people of Eastern European descent.

East Asians seem to display feats of flexibility and general coordination. Am I the only one who notices this? The development of the martial arts in Asia may be a historical coincidence, or it may have developed in harmony with the strengths and tendencies of it founders.

What I'm getting at is this:

If West Africans win the 100 yard dash at the rates that they do, and Northern and Eastern Europeans win weight lifting and strong man competitions as much as they do, and Easy Africans win long-distance events as much as they do, and Pygmies are shorter, and Northern Chinese are taller than Southern Chinese etc, etc, etc, if all these things are true, than it seems like there are more "races" running around in what we call "races." Make sense? Obviously ancestry means something. But it seems like race is often talked about like there are distinct and clean categories, when maybe there isn't.

For example, would the short Welsh Iberians have more in common with the African pygmies or the tall Scandinavian types? Would the taller Northern Chinese have more in common with tall Europeans or short Koreans? Do the indigenous people of the Mexican high country have more in common with Eskimos or Kenyans, athletically speaking?

While it may make sense to talk about "West African" as a distinct ancestry, I'm not sure what use it is to lump Kenyans (who also happen to be black) in with them, since the athletic tendencies of these groups are so different. It is often said that Africa is home to the greatest runners in the world. This is true, but also a little misleading. I mean, wouldn't it make just as much sense to say that Northern and Central European populations would posses beater endurance athletes than West African ones would, and faster sprinters than East African populations would? If Eastern Europeans are producing more than a few heavy weight champions at the same time, if Kenyans win marathons at a dizzying rate, if East Asians really do possess superior natural flexibility, etc, etc, it seems, once again, it seems like these tendencies are due to more than just a few outliers.

If that is the case, then my question is: Why does it make more sense to talk about these very large macro categories of race, instead of many more micro categories of ancestry? It seems that if we did it that way, we could preserve scientific accuracy without oversimplifying to the point of irrelevance.

RECAP:

Question 1

a) is it really clear that people only mean lower body quickness when they refer to athleticism?
b) wouldn't it make more sense to use the word to refer to all sorts of abilities required in many different sports?

Question 2

Why does it make more sense to talk about these very large macro categories of race, instead of many more micro categories of ancestry?

Posted by: Jay J. on February 18, 2007 03:42 AM

Incidentally, "junk DNA" may or may not be "junk." Though a clear consensus is hard to find, not every geneticist believes junk DNA to be all that junky.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_DNA

You can scroll down to find a section on the page titled, "Functions for Junk DNA." "While Wikipedia is often mocked as a source, there are links to the studies cited.

Posted by: Jay J. on February 18, 2007 04:46 AM

" Boston is both a progressive, liberal-minded, and high-tech epicenter and a puffed-up small town with certain powerful (and sometimes violent) streaks of nostalgia for its industrial and less-racially-complex past."

Please, do tell Mr. Lane - what are these powerful streaks of nostalgia? Perhaps there's more evidence for this broad and ill-conceived slur in your book, but how about just a hint here? Have you ever been to Boston or watched a Celtics game? Do you think people just walk around wearing Brian Scalabrine jerseys? Do you think Celtic fans are crossing their fingers hoping to get Spencer Hawes in the lottery?

Posted by: berger on February 18, 2007 08:18 AM

"Incidentally, "junk DNA" may or may not be "junk." Though a clear consensus is hard to find, not every geneticist believes junk DNA to be all that junky."

You miss the point. If one is a straight-up racist like Steve Sailer, "junk DNA" is an excellent way to try to put a scientific gloss on one's personal demons and bigotry. This is all right out of the David Duke playbook.

Posted by: Petey on February 18, 2007 08:49 AM

"Why does it make more sense to talk about these very large macro categories of race, instead of many more micro categories of ancestry?"

It makes more sense if one has a personal bigotry toward certain ethnic groups, and one is fucked-up enough to devote one's life to taking science out of context in a bootless quest to justify one's bigotry.

Posted by: Petey on February 18, 2007 08:55 AM

i appreciate that jeffrey lane showed up to try and respond, but i must say, even though i am long removed from college culture, i certainly well remember Grateful Dead fandom, and if this sentence is typical of lane's forthcoming effort, he should have spared himself the time:

Today Bird is still celebrated in white collegiate/fraternity culture in the same was as the Grateful Dead/particular rock and folk musicians.

i mean - people take LSD and watch old Bird game videos? what in the world could this sentence possibly mean?

Posted by: howard on February 18, 2007 11:59 AM

This NBA/NASCAR side-by-side sure is subtle:

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/print/sportsfrontimage.html

Posted by: Marty Lederman on February 18, 2007 12:31 PM

Petey sez, nobody read Steve Sailer.

You want the truth? Petey doesn't think you can handle the truth!

Posted by: PorkPieHat on February 18, 2007 02:29 PM

I think it's cool that Lane actually showed up to reply to comments of his book. (Not so cool: his poor fact-checking in this instance.
I wonder if John Stockton had at least a small following due to his whiteness. When I was in high school, I was talking about basketball with a classmate and when I asked him who his favorite basketball player was, he replied, "Who's the greatest white player of all time?" I said, "Larry Bird," to which he paused for a moment and said, "OK, but what about active now?" (This was circa 1996.) Stockton was the correct answer, of course.

Posted by: James Kabala on February 18, 2007 03:16 PM

"Bird also has a duality that’s touched upon in some of the comments to the post. As a player, Bird’s performance was stereotypically white in some respects (mostly earthbound, relied on his jump shooting, a crafty and smart player, etc.) and stereotypically black in others—flair, showmanship, and swagger (Bird was a trash-talker, a show-off, and a fighter on- and off-the-court). These elements played an important role in his popularity and importance amongst white fans (who liked either or both of these aspects). The Celtics and the NBA were certainly well aware of the nature of his appeal and the marketing implications."

I have no idea what Mr. Lane is talking about here. Even if you accept the simplistic black-white categories into which he wedges Larry Bird's surpassing genius, which I don't for a minute, largely because Magic Johnson's game was pretty much as "earthbound" as Bird's ever was, at least when they were younger. Even so, the conclusions he draws from this useless paradigm make no sense. Bird's game was part-white and part-black, but both parts "played an important role in his popularity and importance among white fans."? Well, knock me over and call me Foothills Kurland. Ya think?

Posted by: charles pierce on February 18, 2007 05:44 PM

In addition, UFC is permeated by white fighters, and all 4 heavy weight belts in boxing are now held by people of Eastern European descent.

Four of the UFC titleholders in the organization's five weight classes are white: Tim Sylvia (heavyweight), Chuck Lidell (light heavyweight), Georges St. Pierre (welterweight), and Sean Sherk (lightweight). The one nonwhite titleholder is middleweight Anderson Silva, a dark-skinned Brazilian who would be considered black in America but, most likely, mulatto in Brazil.

Russian/Eastern European fighters hold three of the four heavyweight boxing titles. Shannon Briggs from the United States holds the WBO title.

Posted by: Peter on February 18, 2007 05:45 PM

Peter,

Thanks for the clarifications.

Posted by: Jay J. on February 18, 2007 08:51 PM

"Petey sez, nobody read Steve Sailer."

Not quite. I'm quite strongly in favor of free expression. Read Mein Kampf, and it won't bother Petey.

What Petey is saying is that Steve Sailer is a racist.

Posted by: Petey on February 18, 2007 08:57 PM

I don't think it's accurate to say Steve Nash doesn't have any "foreign" qualities. Isn't there a great Chuck Klosterman article about Nash's unapologetic socialist politics? I would say that makes him decisively Canadian, or at least decisively foreign by the standards of most NBA fans.

Posted by: Gabe Rosenberg on February 19, 2007 03:09 AM

Nash grew up in British Columbia, which had (and to a large extent still has) approximately the same political culture as pre-Blair Britain.

Posted by: Pithlord on February 19, 2007 09:41 AM

so in the Steve Nash role, McGrady picks up 11 assists in limited time. i don't get the lack of love for McGrady - did anyone expect the Rockets to go 17-7 without Yao, who was putting up MVP numbers? fact is, anything Nash can do, McGrady can do better, but it's not his role.

Posted by: paperpusher on February 19, 2007 02:51 PM

Paperpusher the reason McGrady gets no love is simple, when's the last time he was on a team still alive in the Second round? Remmber the D'Antoni quote from the beguning of last year. When asked is he was worried about the Suns chances of making the playoffs without Amare he replied "It's not a problem Steve's teams always win 50 games." I think Nash has proved this year he can score as well as McGrady Kobe or whoever. 20ppg on 60 TS%, fucking incredible.

Posted by: Steve M. on February 20, 2007 04:32 AM

point taken. if the Rockets can't get past the first round this year with the depth they've added, it will be a shame. still, Van Gundy rates McGrady and Nash as dead even as having the best play-making decision skills.

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